{"product_id":"dourine-qpcr","title":"Dourine - Trypanosoma equiperdum, qPCR","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePathogen test \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe PCR test\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e detects the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egenome (DNA)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof  \u003cem\u003eTrypanosoma equiperdum\u003c\/em\u003e, the pathogen responsible for Dourine.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5 mL - blood - K3 EDTA tube\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTurnaround time\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 to 5 working days\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #e8b80d;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is Dourine?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eDourine is a chronic or acute contagious disease of breeding equids that is transmitted directly from animal to animal during coitus. The causal organism is \u003cem\u003eTrypanosoma equiperdum\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDourine is the only trypanosomosis that is not transmitted by an invertebrate vector.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eTrypanosoma equiperdum\u003c\/em\u003e differs from other trypanosomes in that it is primarily a tissue parasite that is rarely detected in the blood. There is no known natural reservoir of the parasite other than infected equids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eClinical signs\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eDourine is characterised mainly by swelling of the genitalia, cutaneous plaques and neurological signs\u003c\/span\u003eThe symptoms vary with the virulence of the strain, the nutritional status of the horse, and stress factors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe clinical signs often develop over weeks or months.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThey frequently wax and wane; relapses may be precipitated by stress. This can occur several times before the animal either dies or experiences an apparent recovery.Genital edema and a mucopurulent discharge are often the first signs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMares develop a mucopurulent vaginal discharge, and the vulva becomes oedematous;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe genital region, perineum and udder may become depigmented.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbortion can occur with more virulent strains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStallions develop edema of the prepuce and glans penis, and can have a mucopurulent discharge from the urethra.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn stallions, the swelling may spread to the scrotum, perineum, ventral abdomen and thorax.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeurological signs can develop soon after the genital edema, or weeks to months later.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRestlessness and weight shifting from one leg to another is often followed by progressive weakness, incoordination and, eventually, paralysis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFacial paralysis, which is generally unilateral, may be seen in some animals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConjunctivitis and keratitis are common, and in some infected herds, ocular disease may be the first sign of dourine.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnemia and intermittent fever may also be found.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn addition, dourine results in a progressive loss of condition, predisposing animals to other diseases.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eTransmission\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eUnlike other trypanosomal infections, dourine is transmitted almost exclusively during breeding.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTransmission from stallions to mares is more common, but mares can also transmit the disease to stallions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eT. equiperdum\u003c\/em\u003e can be found in the vaginal secretions of infected mares and the seminal fluid, mucous exudate of the penis, and sheath of stallions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeriodically, the parasites disappear from the genital tract and the animal becomes noninfectious for weeks to months.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon infectious periods are more common late in the disease. Male donkeys can be asymptomatic carriers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRarely, infected mares pass the infection to their foals, possibly before birth or through the milk.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInfections are also thought to occur through mucous membranes such as the conjunctiva.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther means of transmission may also be possible; however, there is currently no evidence that arthropod vectors play any role in transmission.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSexually immature animals that become infected can transmit the organism when they mature.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003ePrevention\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eTo prevent dourine from being introduced into a herd or region, new animals should be quarantined and tested by serology.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhen dourine is found in an area, quarantines and the cessation of breeding can prevent transmission while infected animals are identified.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDourine can be eradicated from a herd, using serology to identify infected equids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInfected animals are euthanised.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn some cases, stallions have been castrated to prevent disease transmission; however, geldings can still transmit the disease if they display copulatory behavior.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuccessful treatment with trypanocidal drugs has been reported in some endemic areas.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHowever, therapeutic regimes have not been thoroughly investigated, and treatment is usually discouraged due to fears that the organism will persist inapparently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGood hygiene should be used at assisted matings. No vaccine is available.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Equigerminal","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":29392141942828,"sku":"","price":55.35,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2726\/7968\/products\/T._equiperdum.jpeg?v=1571097295","url":"https:\/\/www.equigerminal.org\/ar\/products\/dourine-qpcr","provider":"Equigerminal","version":"1.0","type":"link"}