{"product_id":"equine-viral-arteritis-eva-rt-qpcr","title":"Equine Viral Arteritis RTqPCR","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePathogen test \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThis\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e RT-qPCR\u003c\/span\u003e test\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003edetects\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003ethe\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e genome (RNA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e to Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) virus.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5 mL - blood - K3 EDTA blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e10 mL - semen - sterile tube\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTurnaround time\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 to 5 working days\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #e8b80d;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is Equine Viral Arteritis?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eEquine viral arteritis (EVA) is an economically important viral disease of equids.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStallions can become long term carriers of the virus, and transmit it during breeding. Although carrier stallions can be bred if precautions are taken, the need to mate them with seropositive or vaccinated mares decreases their desirability as breeders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcute illness also occurs in some horses. Although deaths are very rare in healthy adults, pregnant mares that become infected may abort, and very young foals may die of fulminating pneumonia and enteritis. Equine viral arteritis has recently increased in prevalence, possibly due to increased transportation of horses and semen.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eClinical signs\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMost EAV infections, especially those that occur in mares bred to long-term carriers, are asymptomatic.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe clinical signs are generally more severe in old or very young animals, and in horses that are immunocompromised or in poor condition.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFulminant infections with severe interstitial pneumonia and\/ or enteritis can be seen in foals up to a few months of age.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSystemic illness also occurs in some adults. In adult horses, the clinical signs may include fever, depression, anorexia, limb edema (particularly in the hindlimbs), and dependent edema of the prepuce, scrotum, mammary gland and\/or ventral body wall.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConjunctivitis, photophobia, periorbital or supraorbital edema and rhinitis can also be seen.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbortions or stillbirths can occur in mares that are pregnant when they are exposed. Abortions are not necessarily preceded by systemic signs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTemporary decreases in fertility, including reduced quality sperm and decreased libido, may be seen in stallions during the acute stage of the disease.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eTransmission\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eEquine Arteritis Virus (EAV) can be transmitted by the respiratory and the venereal routes.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcutely affected horses excrete the virus in respiratory secretions; aerosol transmission is common when horses are gathered at racetracks, sales, shows and other events.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis virus has also been found in urine and feces during the acute stage.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt occurs in the reproductive tract of acutely infected mares, and both acutely and chronically infected stallions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mares, EAV can be found in vaginal and uterine secretions, as well as in the ovary and oviduct, for a short period after infection.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMares infected late in pregnancy may give birth to infected foals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStallions shed EAV in semen, and can carry the virus for years. Transmission from stallions can occur by natural service or artificial insemination.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSome carriers may eventually clear the infection.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrue carrier states have not been reported in mares, geldings or sexually immature colts; however, EAV can occasionally be found for up to six months in the reproductive tract of older prepubertal colts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEquine arteritis virus can be transmitted on fomites including equipment, and may be spread mechanically by humans or animals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSemen remains infectious after freezing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003ePrevention\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcutely infected horses should be isolated to prevent transmission in secretions and excretions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrecautions should also be taken to avoid spreading the virus on fomites.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEAV is readily inactivated by detergents, common disinfectants and lipid solvents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNo specific treatment is available; however, most healthy horses other than young foals recover on their own.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGood nursing and symptomatic treatment should be used in severe cases.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVaccination can also help contain outbreaks.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVenereal transmission can be controlled by good management and vaccination.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo protect pregnant mares from abortion, they should be separated from other horses and maintained in small groups according to their predicted foaling dates.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNewly acquired horses should be isolated for 3 to 4 weeks.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVaccination appears to prevent uninfected stallions from becoming long term carriers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStallions that are not carriers should be vaccinated before the start of the breeding season.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrepubertal colts are given the vaccine when they are 6-12 months old.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarrier stallions are identified and bred only to well vaccinated or naturally seropositive mares.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimilarly, semen that contains EAV should be used only in these mares.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBecause first-time vaccinates may shed field viruses for a short time after exposure, these mares should be isolated from seronegative horses, particularly pregnant mares, for three weeks after breeding.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNaturally infected mares and those that are not first-time vaccinates are isolated for 24-48 hours, to protect other horses from the viruses present in semen.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarrier stallions should be housed where they can be physically separated from uninfected horses; in one case, stallions apparently became infected by indirect exposure to semen. However, this appears to be rare.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEAV is sensitive to sunlight and low humidity, and uninfected stallions have been kept near carriers for years without infection.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExcellent hygiene and decontamination of fomites should be practiced when breeding infected horses or collecting semen.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Equigerminal","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":29397208596524,"sku":"","price":61.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2726\/7968\/products\/EVA_RT-qPCR.png?v=1571167008","url":"https:\/\/www.equigerminal.org\/ar\/products\/equine-viral-arteritis-eva-rt-qpcr","provider":"Equigerminal","version":"1.0","type":"link"}