{"product_id":"leopard-coat-pattern","title":"Leopard, ERU \u0026 CSNB","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDNA test\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe DNA test verifies the presence of the dominant LP gene. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe LP gene is associated to high risk of Equine Recurrent Uveitis (\u003cstrong\u003eERU\u003c\/strong\u003e) and Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (\u003cstrong\u003eCSNB\u003c\/strong\u003e).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003eSample\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30 to 40 - hair roots - envelope\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5 mL - blood - K3 EDTA tube\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTurnaround time\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 to 5  working days\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2726\/7968\/files\/F_ISAG_MEMBER_small.jpg?v=1563820312\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #00afab;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults description\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe DNA test verifies the presence of the dominant LP Gene (designated LP) and presents results as one of the following: \u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"\u003e                                                            \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\/\u003c\/strong\u003e -\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNegative for LP.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cspan\u003eAbsence of the dominante LP gene, non spotted horse. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLower risk \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eto develop Equine Recurrent Uveitis \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ERU) \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eand Congenital \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eN\/ \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStationary Night Blindness (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSNB) \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eassociated to Leopard.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLP\/N\u003c\/strong\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eositive heterozygous for LP.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cspan\u003ePresence of one copy of the incomplete dominant LP gene responsible spotted coat (Appaloosa coat pattern). \u003c\/span\u003eHorses \u003cspan\u003ehave high risk \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eto develop Equine Recurrent Uveitis (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eERU). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe horse can pass the LP gene to 50% of their progeny when bred.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLP\/\u003c\/strong\u003e -\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePositive homozygous for LP\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003cspan\u003ePresence of two copies of the incomplete dominant LP gene responsible for spotted coat (Appaloosa coat pattern). \u003c\/span\u003eAdditionally horses have \u003cspan\u003ehighest risk \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eto develop Equine Recurrent Uveitis (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eERU) \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eand Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSNB). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe horse will \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLP\/LP \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003epass the LP gene to 100% of its offspring. Risk for ERU associated to LP is evaluated LP\/LP \u0026gt; LP\/N \u0026gt; N\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eAdditional information\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe white patterns called Leopard Complex (LP), also know as Appaloosa spotting, has an high variable expression ranging from absent to extreme white patterning. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe expression of Leopard Complex includes several effects on the horse's coat: speckled\/mottled skin around the eyes, muzzle, anus, genitalia, and eyes, and progressive roaning (varnish roan) of pigmented coat areas with age. White spotting may also be present, with pigmented leopard spots tending to occur on the white spotting background of heterozygous horses. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe inheritance of this coat colour trait is incomplete dominant. The amount of white present is not dosage related, such that homozygous horses can have minimal expression of white patterning. The variability in the amount of white on leopard complex patterned horses is controlled by other genes, one of which is \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/equigerminal.shop\/products\/patn1-coat-pattern?_pos=1\u0026amp;_sid=b36c4afb5\u0026amp;_ss=r\"\u003ePattern 1. \u003c\/a\u003e \/PATN1, the coat pattern spotting. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHorses that are homozyous for the Leopard Complex  develop \u003cstrong\u003eCongenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB)\u003c\/strong\u003e which is the inability to see in low to no-light conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEquine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU), \u003c\/strong\u003ealso known as moon blindness, is also associated to the LP genetic variant. ERU is characterised by repeated episodes of inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. The cumulative effects of the immune mediated process can lead to glaucoma, cataracts, and complete loss of vision. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eERU is the most common cause of blindness in horses. The LP test is the most effective genetic test to ascertain risk for ERU. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRisk for ERU based on this genetic test can be evaluated as \u003cstrong\u003eLP\/LP \u0026gt; LP\/N \u0026gt; N\/N. \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHorses homozygous for LP mutation are the highest risk of developing ERU.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHorses heterozygous for LP mutation are at higher risk of developing ERU than those with the mutation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe LP variant is closely identified to the Appaloosa breed, though has indicated has a very ancient genetic variant. European cave paintings have recorded spotted horses and archaegenetic studies have identified the LP genetic variant in European horses of the Pleistocene and Copper Age.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe LP genetic variant can be found in many different breeds such as pony of Americas breeds, British Spotted Pony, Knabstrupper, Noriker, Tannu Tuva Pony, American Miniature Horse, Mustang breeds and Tiger horses . \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eReferences\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBellone, R.R., Holl, H., Setaluri, V., Devi, S., Maddodi, N., Archer, S., Sandmeyer, L., Ludwig, A., Foerster, D., Pruvost, M., Reissmann, M., Bortfeldt, R., Adelson, D.L., Lim, S.L., Nelson, J., Haase, B., Engensteiner, M., Leeb, T., Forsyth, G., Mienaltowski, M.J., Mahadevan, P., Hofreiter, M., Paijmans, J.L., Gonzalez-Fortes, G., Grahn, B., Brooks, S.A.: Evidence for a retroviral insertion in TRPM1 as the cause of congenital stationary night blindness and leopard complex spotting in the horse. PLoS One 8:e78280, 2013. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBellone RR. Genetic Testing as a Tool to Identify Horses with or at Risk for Ocular Disorders. \u003ci\u003eVet Clin North Am Equine Pract\u003c\/i\u003e. 2017;33(3):627–645. doi:10.1016\/j.cveq.2017.08.005\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePruvost M. et al.. Genotypes of predomestic horses match phenotypes painted in Paleolithic works of cave art. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 18626–18630 (2011). [\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3219153\/\"\u003ePMC free article\u003c\/a\u003e] [\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22065780\"\u003ePubMed\u003c\/a\u003e] [\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?journal=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.\u0026amp;title=Genotypes+of+predomestic+horses+match+phenotypes+painted+in+Paleolithic+works+of+cave+art\u0026amp;author=M.+Pruvost\u0026amp;volume=108\u0026amp;publication_year=2011\u0026amp;pages=18626-18630\u0026amp;pmid=22065780\u0026amp;\"\u003eGoogle Scholar\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Equigerminal","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":29451098062892,"sku":"","price":43.05,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2726\/7968\/products\/Leopard.png?v=1571095049","url":"https:\/\/www.equigerminal.org\/ar\/products\/leopard-coat-pattern","provider":"Equigerminal","version":"1.0","type":"link"}