{"product_id":"pneumonia-rhodococcus-equi-qpcr","title":"Rhodococcus equi qPCR","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePathogen test \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe PCR test\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e detects the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egenome (DNA)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof the \u003cem\u003eRhodococcus equi\u003c\/em\u003e, the pathogen responsible for Pneumonia.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1 nasopharyngeal swab - dry swab \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTurnaround time\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 to 5 working days\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #e8b80d;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eWhat is Pneumonia?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhodococcus equi\u003c\/em\u003e, a Gram‐positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is one of the most common causes of pneumonia in foals. \u003ci\u003eRhodococcus equi\u003c\/i\u003e is a very well recognized pathogen in horses – it is a common cause of pneumonia in foalsbetween the ages of 1-6 months, and infection is also sometimes associated with other problems such as diarrheas, swollen joints and abscesses in other parts of the body. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe infection can be very difficult to treat because the bacteria are able to live inside white blood cells, which helps protect them from the body’s immune system, and because they often cause abscesses to form, which are difficult for antibiotics to penetrate. \u003ci\u003eRhodococcus equi\u003c\/i\u003e infection in foals has been studied extensively, but there’s still a lot we don’t know how the body defends itself against this organism. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eClinical signs\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe most common clinical manifestation of \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e infections in foals is bronchopneumonia. Early clinical signs may only include a slight increase in respiratory rate and a mild fever. These subtle clinical signs are often either missed or ignored, allowing the condition to progress. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eAs the disease progresses, clinical signs might include: • Decreased appetite • Lethargy • Fever • Tachypnea • Increased effort of breathing characterised by nostril flaring and increased abdominal effort Cough and bilateral nasal discharge are inconsistent finding.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eBecause ultrasonographic screening for early detection has become routine practice at some farms endemic for pneumonia caused by \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e (see below), the most frequently recognised form of \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e infection at those farms is a subclinical form in which foals develop sonographic evidence of peripheral pulmonary consolidation or abscessation without necessarily manifesting clinical signs. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eExtrapulmonary manifestations of rhodococcal infections are common. Extrapulmonary disorders might occur concurrent with or independent of pneumonia. Abdominal lesions (see necropsy below) are present in approximately 50% of foals that die from infections caused by R. equi. However, the majority of foals with abdominal lesions do not show clinical signs of abdominal disease. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003ePolysynovitis is present in approximately 25–30% of cases with clinical R. equi infections. In some foals, lameness might be the result of septic arthritis or, more commonly, osteomyelitis caused by R. equi. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eUveitis is not uncommon and might result in blepharospasm, ocular discharge, and blindness in severely affected foals. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eOccasionally, R. equi can cause infections of a variety of other extrapulmonary tissues or organs. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eAlthough rare, clinical signs resulting from abdominal infection with R. equi might include fever, diarrhoea, weight loss or failure to thrive, and colic.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eTransmission\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eInhalation of virulent \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e is the major route of pulmonary infection in foals. Ingestion of the organism is an important route of exposure, and likely of immunisation, but rarely leads to hematogenously acquired pneumonia unless a foal has multiple exposures to extremely large numbers of bacteria. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003ePrevention\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eIn the absence of an effective vaccine, control and prevention of the disease at farms endemic for infections caused by \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e have relied on passive immunisation and screening to promote earlier recognition of the disease. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThere are no isolation requirements for foals with this disease. Foals with pneumonia caused by \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e shed higher numbers of R. equi in their feces than healthy foals or foals with subclinical lesions. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eTherefore, pneumonic foals might be an important source of contamination of the environment with virulent \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e but there is no evidence that \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e infection is contagious among foals and exposure to virulent \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e is widespread in the environment of foals. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThus, currently no environmental management practice or biosecurity measure has sufficient evidence on which to base recommendations for controlling and preventing \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e pneumonia. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eZoonotic Potential \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e can occasionally cause severe pulmonary or systemic infections in immunosuppressed people. Infections with \u003cem\u003eR. equi\u003c\/em\u003e are extremely rare and typically less severe in immunocompetent individuals. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Equigerminal","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":29396273922092,"sku":"","price":55.35,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2726\/7968\/products\/R._equi.png?v=1571130187","url":"https:\/\/www.equigerminal.org\/eu\/products\/pneumonia-rhodococcus-equi-qpcr","provider":"Equigerminal","version":"1.0","type":"link"}