{"product_id":"glanders-burkholderia-mallei-qpcr","title":"Glanders Burkholderia mallei qPCR","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"product-single__description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePathogen test \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe PCR test\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e detects the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egenome (DNA)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eBurkholderia mallei\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e,\u003c\/em\u003e the bacteria responsible for Glanders in equines.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5 mL - blood - K3 EDTA tube\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #c739d2;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTurnaround time\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 to 5 working days\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #e8b80d;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is Glanders?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eGlanders is a contagious and fatal disease of horses, donkeys, and mules, caused by infection with the bacterium \u003cem\u003eBurkholderia mallei.\u003c\/em\u003eThe pathogen causes nodules and ulcerations in the upper respiratory tract and lungs. A skin form also occurs, known as ‘farcy’.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eControl of glanders requires testing of suspect clinical cases, screening of apparently normal equids, and elimination of positive reactors. As \u003cem\u003eB. mallei\u003c\/em\u003e can be transmitted to humans, all infected\/contaminated or potentially infected\/contaminated material must be handled in a laboratory with appropriate biosafety and biosecurity controls following a biorisk analysis.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eGlanders is an OIE listed disease as described in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). As indicated in the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code any occurrence of glanders must be notified to the OIE.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical signs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe disease causes nodules and ulcerations in the respiratory tract and lungs in animals.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA skin form, known as ‘farcy’, also occurs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoth acute and chronic forms of the disease have been described.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcute forms occur most frequently in donkeys and mules, with high fever and respiratory signs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn horses, glanders generally takes a more chronic course and they may survive for several years.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThere are four recognised clinical presentations of glanders: nasal, pulmonary, cutaneous and asymptomatic carrier. These different forms of glanders are usually referred to according to the location of the initial infection. The nasal and pulmonary forms tend to be more acute while the cutaneous form is a chronic process.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInflammatory nodules and ulcers develop in the nasal passages and give rise to a sticky yellow discharge. Stellate scarring follows upon healing of the ulcers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe formation of nodular abscesses in the lungs is accompanied by progressive debility, coughing and may also be accompanied by diarrhoea.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn the cutaneous form (“farcy’), the lymph vessels are enlarged; nodular abscesses form along their course, which then ulcerate and discharge yellow pus. Nodules are regularly found in the liver and spleen, leading to wasting and death.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTransmission\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe most common source of infection is ingestion of contaminated food or water.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContaminated aerosols (produced by coughing and sneezing), and contaminated fomites brought to the animals via grooming equipment and tack may also be a source of infection.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe bacteria can also enter the body through contact with lesions or abrasions of the skin or through mucosa. In this case, a local infection with ulceration may develop spreading to other parts of the body in the course of the disease.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoor husbandry and feeding conditions as well as animal transport can be predisposing factors. Unsanitary conditions and over-crowded stables are risk factors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevention\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eTo date, no treatment with veterinary drugs is capable to cure the infection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eControl of glanders requires early detection and diagnostic testing of suspected clinical cases, screening of apparently normal equids, and elimination of positive cases.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor glanders-free countries, there are recommendations on importing equines. An international veterinary certificate is required attesting that the animals showed no clinical signs of glanders and were kept in an exporting country free of the disease for at least 6 months prior to shipment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Equigerminal","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":29399883677740,"sku":"","price":55.35,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2726\/7968\/products\/B._mallei.png?v=1572428989","url":"https:\/\/www.equigerminal.org\/tr\/products\/glanders-burkholderia-mallei-qpcr","provider":"Equigerminal","version":"1.0","type":"link"}