{"product_id":"strangles-streptococcus-equi-qpcr","title":"Strangles qPCR","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n        body {\n            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n            line-height: 1.6;\n            background-color: #f9f9f9;\n            color: #333;\n            margin: 0;\n            padding: 0;\n        }\n        .content {\n            padding: 20px;\n        }\n        h2 {\n            color: #DA556A; \/* Cor vermelha para a coleção Strangles *\/\n            margin-top: 20px;\n        }\n        ul {\n            list-style-type: none;\n            padding-left: 0;\n            margin: 0;\n        }\n        li {\n            padding: 8px;\n            border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\n        }\n        .highlight {\n            background-color: #FDECEA; \/* Fundo claro vermelho para destaque *\/\n            padding: 10px;\n            border-left: 4px solid #DA556A; \/* Borda esquerda vermelha *\/\n            margin-bottom: 20px;\n        }\n        .toggle-btn {\n            display: inline-block;\n            margin-top: 10px;\n            padding: 10px 20px;\n            background-color: #DA556A; \/* Fundo vermelho para botões *\/\n            color: white;\n            text-align: center;\n            text-decoration: none;\n            border-radius: 5px;\n            cursor: pointer;\n        }\n        .toggle-btn:hover {\n            background-color: #C23D51; \/* Vermelho mais escuro para hover *\/\n        }\n        .expandable {\n            display: none; \/* Esconde o conteúdo até que o botão seja clicado *\/\n            margin-top: 20px;\n        }\n    \u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout the Test\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"highlight\"\u003eThe qPCR test detects the genome (ADN) of \u003cem\u003eStreptococcus equi variant equi\u003c\/em\u003e, the pathogen (bacteria) responsible for Strangles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSample\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNasopharyngeal swab - dry swab (see \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/aaep.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Strangles_DZ_Guidelines_FINAL_2020.pdf\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/aaep.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Strangles_DZ_Guidelines_FINAL_2020.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAAEP guidelines\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNasal swabs or draining lymph nodes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGuttural pouch washes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTurnaround time\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 to 5 working days\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is Strangles?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrangles is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection of horses caused by the bacteria \u003cem\u003eStreptococcus equi\u003c\/em\u003e subspecies equi (S. equi). It is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with contaminated surfaces (for example, horses sharing water buckets). The bacteria colonize the horse’s tonsils and pharynx within hours of infection, and then infect the lymph nodes under and behind the jaw, resulting in abscessation of these structures days later. Horses develop a fever initially, but are typically not contagious during the initial 48-72 hours.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRarely, infection spreads to other parts of the body resulting in abscesses in other organs such as the intestines, kidneys, lungs, spleen, or liver. This is often called “bastard strangles” or metastatic abscessation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA few horses may develop a hypersensitivity reaction to the bacteria with repeated exposure either in the form of infection or vaccination, otherwise known as purpura hemorrhagica. Horses that develop classic clinical signs and are not treated with antibiotics have the potential to develop immune protection for up to five years.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eClinical signs\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClassic clinical signs include a fever (often \u0026gt;103°F or 39.5°C) first, followed by one or more of the following symptoms: depression, thick nasal discharge, and lymph node enlargement under the jaw and\/or in the throat latch region. The abscessed lymph nodes may drain externally or into the guttural pouches (blind-end sacs connected to the throat in horses) resulting in nasal discharge. Horses that have been vaccinated for strangles or horses that have previous partial immunity may develop milder signs of upper respiratory tract infection.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBastard strangles cases may develop colic signs, fever, and\/or weight loss with or without a history of previous strangles disease or exposure. Horses with purpura hemorrhagica may develop edema of the head, trunk, and\/or legs, and broken blood vessels or bruising of the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, and nose. Additional signs can include fever, severe depression, and muscle tightness. The severity of symptoms in purpura hemorrhagica cases ranges from mild to life-threatening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTransmission\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrangles is caused by oral exposure of a horse to \u003cem\u003eS. equi\u003c\/em\u003e bacteria. Once within the oral cavity, the bacteria invade the tonsils and subsequently colonize the lymph nodes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBacteria can be transmitted through contact with pus or nasal discharges from an infected horse, or from contaminated bedding or barn equipment (water troughs, buckets, etc.).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlies may also act as vectors, spreading the bacteria from horse to horse.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnder the right conditions, \u003cem\u003eS. equi\u003c\/em\u003e can survive in the environment for weeks or months.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExposure of a horse to \u003cem\u003eS. equi\u003c\/em\u003e does not necessarily mean that it will come down with strangles. Factors that influence the risk of disease include dose of bacteria (poor sanitation and direct contact with nasal secretions and pus increase the chance of disease); immune status of horse. Previously exposed horses are often immune to the disease, or do not get as sick as unexposed horses. During the first three to six months of life, foals are often protected by maternal antibodies. Vaccination can also increase resistance to the disease; stress (poor nutrition, overcrowding, lengthy transportation, or pre-existing diseases increase the risk of strangles).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrangles may be transmitted by “silent shedders” who do not display signs of disease. These horses commonly carry the strangles organism in the guttural pouch, an air sac at the back of the horse’s throat. Detection of these animals requires guttural pouch endoscopy (passing an endoscope via the horse’s nose into the guttural pouch). Strangles is most commonly transmitted by acutely ill or recovering horses that are still shedding bacteria in their nasal secretions. Bacterial culture results have a turnaround time of 2 to 3 days. The DNA test known as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) takes less than a day. However, it may take an additional 1 to 2 days to send samples to the laboratory.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePrevention\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiosecurity on the farm is necessary to prevent the spread of disease.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIsolate new horses for three weeks prior to introducing them to the rest of the population.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIsolate any horse with a fever and signs of strangles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDo not share tack or equipment between sick horses and others.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerform twice daily monitoring of rectal temperatures of all horses in an outbreak to identify new cases.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStop all movement of horses to and from the farm when strangles is identified.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDisinfect water buckets daily.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse strict hygiene between horses to reduce the spread of the disease.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIdeally, three throat flush samples are obtained from recovering horses and any horses who were in contact with sick horses at approximately weekly intervals and tested for \u003cem\u003eS. equi\u003c\/em\u003e subsp equi by PCR and culture. Identification of strangles bacteria in clinically recovered horses may mean the guttural pouches have retained some infection. Endoscopy of the guttural pouches provides visualization of any pus or dried debris (chondroids) that harbor the bacteria. A small number of horses will recover from strangles and continue to shed bacteria from the guttural pouch, causing recurrent farm outbreaks. Detection and treatment of these “silent carriers” (\u003cem\u003eS. equi\u003c\/em\u003e bacteria in guttural pouches) via endoscopy and PCR is essential for preventing disease recurrence on a farm.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscuss vaccination types and recommendations with your veterinarian. Vaccination does not provide 100% immunity against \u003cem\u003eS. equi\u003c\/em\u003e infection. Vaccination is not recommended during or within two years of a strangles outbreak due to the increased risk of purpura hemorrhagica.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"toggle-btn\" onclick=\"toggleSection('more-info')\"\u003eView More Info\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"more-info\" class=\"expandable\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor more detailed information on the Strangles qPCR Test, including sample collection and submission instructions, please visit our website or contact our support team.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/equigerminal.shop\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eVisit our website\u003c\/a\u003e for more details.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"toggle-btn\" onclick=\"toggleSection('how-it-works')\"\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"how-it-works\" class=\"expandable\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePathogen Testing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🛒 \u003cstrong\u003ePurchase the Test:\u003c\/strong\u003e Select and buy the test online.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e📧 \u003cstrong\u003eReceive Instructions:\u003c\/strong\u003e After payment confirmation, receive instructions for sample collection.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✨ \u003cstrong\u003eSample Collection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Your veterinarian collects the sample.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e📄 \u003cstrong\u003eDownload Submission Form:\u003c\/strong\u003e Download the printable submission form \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2726\/7968\/files\/Pathogen_testing_-_sample_submission_form.pdf?v=1602238338\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e📮 \u003cstrong\u003eSend Samples:\u003c\/strong\u003e Send to our lab by regular mail or express delivery to:\u003cbr\u003eEquigerminal Lab\u003cbr\u003eIPN Incubadora, Rua Pedro  Nunes, Ed.C\u003cbr\u003e3030-199 Coimbra, PORTUGAL\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e📄 \u003cstrong\u003eReceive Results:\u003c\/strong\u003e Get the result certificate by email. If you need assistance, contact us at support@equigerminal.pt.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQs\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"toggle-btn\" onclick=\"toggleSection('faq-details')\"\u003eView FAQs\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"faq-details\" class=\"expandable\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow does the Strangles qPCR test work?\u003c\/strong\u003e The qPCR test detects the DNA of \u003cem\u003eStreptococcus equi\u003c\/em\u003e variant equi in samples, providing a highly sensitive and specific method for identifying the presence of the bacteria.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhat types of samples are required for the test?\u003c\/strong\u003e The test can be performed on nasopharyngeal swabs, nasal swabs, draining lymph nodes, and guttural pouch washes. It's important to follow proper sample collection guidelines to ensure accurate results.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow long does it take to get the test results?\u003c\/strong\u003e The turnaround time for the qPCR test is typically 2 to 5 working days from the receipt of the sample in the laboratory.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhat should be done if a horse tests positive for Strangles?\u003c\/strong\u003e Horses that test positive should be isolated to prevent the spread of the disease. Follow biosecurity measures and consult with a veterinarian for appropriate treatment and management.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow effective are vaccinations in preventing Strangles?\u003c\/strong\u003e Vaccination can reduce the risk of Strangles but does not provide complete immunity. It's most effective in environments where Strangles is a persistent problem. Discuss vaccination options with your veterinarian.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the signs of purpura hemorrhagica and how is it related to Strangles?\u003c\/strong\u003e Purpura hemorrhagica is an immune-mediated condition that can occur after exposure to \u003cem\u003eS. equi\u003c\/em\u003e antigens, either through infection or vaccination. Signs include edema, petechial hemorrhages, and sloughing of tissues. Immediate veterinary attention is required.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Equigerminal","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":29396285423660,"sku":"","price":55.35,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2726\/7968\/files\/Strangles_qPCR.png?v=1718805923","url":"https:\/\/www.equigerminal.org\/tr\/products\/strangles-streptococcus-equi-qpcr","provider":"Equigerminal","version":"1.0","type":"link"}