Produktformular

Grå depigmentering - Melanom

    DNA-testen verificerer tilstedeværelsen af ​​den grå mutation. Grå er det dominerende gen, der er ansvarlig for den gradvise og progressive...

    €49.20 Inkl. moms

      Om testenOm testen

      This test shows whether your horse carries Grey, the gene that makes a horse born with any coat colour turn white with age, and whether it has one copy or two.

      Grey is found in many breeds. The test is useful for any breeder or owner of a horse that may be grey.

      Hvorfor teste?Hvorfor teste?

      Test for grågenet hjælper med at:

      • Bekræfte, om en hest bærer gråmutationen.
      • Identificere grå føl, før depigmentering bliver synlig.
      • Differentier sande grå heste fra naturligt lyse heste.
      • Støt avlsprogrammer, der sigter mod at producere eller undgå gråt afkom.
      • Bestemme, om en grå hest er heterozygot eller homozygot for grågenet.
      Kliniske tegnKliniske tegn

      Grey does not change the colour a foal is born with. It slowly removes the pigment from the hair as the horse gets older.

      What a grey horse looks like:

      • The foal is born bay, black, chestnut or any other colour
      • White hairs appear and spread with age
      • Some keep small coloured flecks all their life, known as flea-bitten grey
      • Horses with two copies usually go grey faster, and keep fewer flecks, than horses with one copy
      • The skin usually stays dark, though patches of pink, unpigmented skin are common

      Melanoma. Grey horses develop skin melanomas much more often than other horses. Studies report them in 50 to 80% of grey horses aged 15 or older. They show as firm black lumps, most often under the tail, around the anus and genitals, and on the lips and eyelids. Most grow slowly and stay benign, but some spread.

      A Grey result does not mean a horse has melanoma. Show any new lump to your veterinarian: only a veterinary examination can say what it is.

      TransmissionTransmission

      Grey is dominant. One copy is enough for a horse to turn grey. The gene is not on a sex chromosome, so colts and fillies are the same.

      What each mating can produce:

      • N/N x N/N gives 100% N/N: no grey foals
      • N/N x G/N gives 50% N/N, 50% G/N: one foal in two turns grey
      • N/N x G/G gives 100% G/N: every foal turns grey
      • G/N x G/N gives 25% N/N, 50% G/N, 25% G/G: three foals in four turn grey
      • G/N x G/G gives 50% G/N, 50% G/G: every foal turns grey
      • G/G x G/G gives 100% G/G: every foal turns grey

      Grey does not skip a generation, even when both parents are grey.

      ForebyggelseForebyggelse

      The result helps in two ways: planning matings and watching grey horses for melanoma.

      Planning matings.

      • For no grey foals, both parents must be free of Grey
      • For a grey foal every time, use a parent with two copies
      • To avoid foals with two copies, mate a grey horse to a partner free of Grey

      Watching for melanoma. Ask your veterinarian to check the places listed under Clinical signs at routine visits. Treatment decisions belong to your veterinarian.

      Colour should not be the only thing that decides a mating.

      ResultaterResultater

      DNA-testen verificerer tilstedeværelsen af grågenmutationen og præsenterer resultater som en af følgende:

      • N/ – Ikke-skimmel hest. Negativ for skimmel. Hesten bliver ikke skimmel.
      • G/N - Skimmel hest.Positiv for dominant skimmelgen, der bærer en enkelt arvelig kopi. Bærerens pels modificeres og vil til sidst blive depigmenteret. Heterozygote skimmelheste er statistisk sandsynlige til at give genet videre til 50 % af deres afkom ved avl.
      • G/ - Skimmel hest. Positiv for dominant skimmelgen, der bærer to arvelige kopier. Bærerens pels modificeres og vil til sidst blive depigmenteret. Homozygote skimmelheste er genetisk bundet til at give genet videre til 100 % af deres afkom ved avl, så alle føl vil modtage skimmelgenet og falme ud.
      Krav til prøverKrav til prøver

      5 mL - blod - K3 EDTA-glas

      Send din prøve med almindelig post eller ekspreslevering til:

      Equigerminal Lab HIESE
      Rua da Quinta do Sobreiro Nº25
      3230-343 Penela, Portugal

      BehandlingstidBehandlingstid

      2 til 5 arbejdsdage

      Sådan fungerer detSådan fungerer det

      🛒 Purchase the test: select and buy the test online.

      📧 Receive instructions: after payment confirmation you receive sample collection instructions by e-mail.

      ✨ Collect the sample yourself: pull 20 to 40 hair roots with the bulb attached, or ask your veterinarian to collect blood in a K3-EDTA tube.

      📄 Complete the form: print and complete the submission form with the animal identification.

      📮 Send it to the laboratory: Equigerminal, S.A., HIESE, Rua da Quinta do Sobreiro, 25, Quinta Vale do Espinhal, 3230-343 Penela, PORTUGAL.

      📄 Receive your report: your certified report is issued as soon as the analysis is validated.

      Ofte stillede spørgsmålOfte stillede spørgsmål

      Hvad påviser denne test?

      Testen påviser den dominerende Skimmel (G) mutation, der er ansvarlig for progressiv depigmentering af pelsen.

      Kan et føl teste positivt før det bliver skimmel?

      Ja. Føl, der bærer skimmelgenet, fødes med deres grundfarve og begynder muligvis først at skimmle flere måneder eller endda år senere.

      Hvad er forskellen mellem G/N og G/G?

      En G/Nhest bærer én kopi af skimmelgenet og har 50% chancefor at give det videre til hvert føl. En G/Ghest bærer to kopier og vil give skimmelgenet videre til alle afkom.

      Bestemmer skimmelgenet hestens oprindelige pelsfarve?

      Nej. Skimmelgenet forårsager kun progressiv afblegning. Den underliggende grundfarve bestemmes af andre gener som Extension, Agouti, Creamog Dun.

      Hvorfor er skimletestning nyttigt for avlere?

      DNA-testning giver avlere mulighed for at forudsige, om føl i sidste ende bliver skimle, og at træffe informerede avlsbeslutninger, når de vælger for eller imod skimlegenet.

      For ProfessionalsFor Professionals

      Genetic and clinical detail for veterinarians, geneticists and laboratories.

      • Gene / locus: STX17 (syntaxin 17), Grey (G) locus, ECA25.
      • Variant: cis-acting intronic copy-number variant of a 4.6 kb segment, increasing expression of STX17 and the neighbouring NR4A3 in pigment cells. HGVS (EquCab3.0): two copies (G2), NC_009168.3:g.6625295_6629872dup; three copies (G3), NC_009168.3:g.6625295_6629872[3].
      • Alternative designations: described as a 4.6 kb duplication by Rosengren Pielberg et al. (2008); Rubin et al. (2024) showed that the segment occurs in two (G2) or three (G3) tandem copies, with different phenotypes. OMIA lists G2 and G3 as separate variants.
      • Variant identifiers: no rs/EVA identifier listed in OMIA; OMIA variants 438 (G2) and 1732 (G3).
      • Variant classification: not currently evaluated (ISAG/AVCG, per OMIA), both G2 and G3.
      • Inheritance: autosomal dominant (OMIA code D).
      • Penetrance / expressivity: present in all 727 grey and none of 131 non-grey horses (Rosengren Pielberg et al., 2008). G3: rapid greying, usually fully white by about 10 years, high melanoma risk. G2: greying from 5 to 7 years, never fully white; no melanoma in 25 G2 Connemara ponies aged 15 to 35 (Rubin et al., 2024). Zygosity: Lipizzaners with G/G had more severe melanomas (Rosengren Pielberg et al., 2008); melanoma in 27% of G/G versus 16% of G/N Quarter Horses (Teixeira et al., 2013).
      • Melanoma prevalence: source for the figure under Clinical signs: Rubin et al. (2024). The often-quoted 70 to 80% of greys over 15 comes from earlier studies of Australian greys and Camargue mares, cited by Rosengren Pielberg et al. (2008). In 335 grey Quarter Horses: 16% at all ages, 52% over 15 years (Teixeira et al., 2013).
      • Breeds with documented carriers or cases: the same variant, from one ancient ancestor, in grey Lipizzaner, Arabian, Connemara, Thoroughbred, Welsh pony, Icelandic horse, New Forest pony and Shetland pony (Rosengren Pielberg et al., 2008); grey Quarter Horses (Teixeira et al., 2013). Particularly common in the Lipizzaner and the Arabian. Among about 1,400 horses from 78 breeds, G3 was found in 62 populations and G2 in 8 (Rubin et al., 2024).
      • Clinical / diagnostic notes for veterinarians: monitor predilection sites clinically and confirm masses histologically. ASIP genotype has been evaluated as a modifier of melanoma risk in grey Quarter Horses (Teixeira et al., 2013).

      Key references:

      • Rosengren Pielberg G, Golovko A, Sundstrom E, et al. (2008). A cis-acting regulatory mutation causes premature hair graying and susceptibility to melanoma in the horse. Nat Genet 40:1004-1009. doi:10.1038/ng.185. PMID 18641652.
      • Teixeira RBC, Rendahl AK, Anderson SM, et al. (2013). Coat color genotypes and risk and severity of melanoma in gray Quarter Horses. J Vet Intern Med 27:1201-1208. doi:10.1111/jvim.12133.
      • Rubin CJ, Hodge M, Naboulsi R, et al. (2024). An intronic copy number variation in Syntaxin 17 determines speed of greying and melanoma incidence in Grey horses. Nat Commun 15:7510. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51898-2. PMID 39209879.

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