Finds out whether your horse carries the SCN4A variant F1416L, the cause of Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP), an inherited muscle disease of Quarter Horses, Paint horses, Appaloosas and related lines.The report gives the genotype directly as n/n, n/H or H/H, from hair roots or EDTA blood, at any age. HYPP is dominant, so a single copy makes a horse susceptible and is passed to half of its foals.Results are issued as a DNA certificate within 5 to 10 working days of the sample reaching the laboratory.

Läs mer mindre

Finds out whether your horse carries LP, the TRPM1 variant behind leopard complex spotting, the Appaloosa and Knabstrupper pattern.The report gives the genotype directly as N/N, LP/N or LP/LP, from hair roots or EDTA blood, at any age. Horses with two copies are night blind from birth (CSNB), and leopard complex horses, above all LP/LP, have a higher risk of recurrent uveitis (ERU).Results are issued as a DNA certificate within 5 to 10 working days of the sample reaching the laboratory.

Läs mer mindre

Finds out whether your horse carries frame overo, the EDNRB variant Ile118Lys. One copy gives the frame overo coat pattern in a healthy horse. Two copies give Lethal White Foal Syndrome, which is always fatal.The report gives the genotype directly as n/n, n/O or O/O, from hair roots or EDTA blood, at any age. Some carriers show little or no white, and tobiano can hide the pattern, so only the genotype tells you whether a mating is safe.Results are issued as a DNA certificate within 5 to 10 working days of the sample reaching the laboratory.

Läs mer mindre

The iELISA test detects specific antibodies to Streptococcus equi subs. equi, the pathogen (bacteria) responsible for Strangles. Sample 5 mL, blood in a serum tube Turnaround time 2 to 5 working days   What is Stranglers? Strangles is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection of horses caused by the bacteria Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi). It is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with contaminated surfaces (for example horses sharing water buckets). The bacteria colonize the horse’s tonsils and pharynx within hours of infection, and then infect the lymph nodes under and behind the jaw resulting in abscessation of these structures days later. Horses develop a fever initially, but are typically not contagious during the initial 48-72 hours. Rarely, infection spreads to other parts of the body resulting in abscesses in other organs such as the intestines, kidneys, lungs, spleen or liver. This is often called “bastard strangles” or metastatic abscessation. A few horses may develop a hypersensitivity reaction to the bacteria with repeated exposure either in the form of infection or vaccination otherwise known as purpura hemorrhagica. Horses that develop classic clinical signs and are not treated with antibiotics have the potential to develop immune protection up to five years. Clinical signs Classic clinical signs include a fever (often >103°F or 39.5°C) first, followed by one or more of the following symptoms: depression, thick nasal discharge and lymph node enlargement under the jaw and/or in the throat latch region. The abscessed lymph nodes may drain externally or into the guttural pouches (blind-end sacs connected to the throat in horses) resulting in nasal discharge. Horses that have been vaccinated for strangles or horses that have previous partial immunity may develop milder signs of upper respiratory tract infection. Bastard strangles cases may develop colic signs, fever, and/or weight loss with or without a history of previous strangles disease or exposure. Horses with purpura hemorrhagica may develop edema of the head, trunk, and/or legs; and broken blood vessels or bruising of the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes and nose. Additional signs can include fever, severe depression, and muscle tightness. The severity of symptoms in purpura hemorrhagica cases ranges from mild to life-threatening. Transmission Strangles is caused by oral exposure of a horse to S. equi bacteria. Once within the oral cavity, the bacteria invade the tonsils and subsequently colonize the lymph nodes. Bacteria can be transmitted through contact with pus or nasal discharges from an infected horse, or from contaminated bedding or barn equipment (water troughs, buckets, etc.). Flies may also act as vectors, spreading the bacteria from horse to horse. Under the right conditions, S. equi can survive in the environment for weeks or months. Exposure of a horse to S. equi does not necessarily mean that it will come down with strangles. Factors that influence the risk of disease include dose of bacteria (poor sanitation and direct contact with nasal secretions and pus increase the chance of disease); immune status of horse. Previously exposed horses are often immune to the disease, or do not get as sick as unexposed horses. During the first three to six months of life, foals are often protected by maternal antibodies. Vaccination can also increase resistance to the disease; stress (poor nutrition, overcrowding, lengthy transportation or pre-existing diseases increase the risk of strangles). Strangles may be transmitted by “silent shedders” who do not display signs of disease. These horses commonly carry the strangles organism in the guttural pouch, an air sac at the back of the horse’s throat. Detection of these animals requires guttural pouch endoscopy (passing an endoscope via the horse’s nose into the guttual pouch). Strangles is most commonly transmitted by acutely ill or recovering horses that are still shedding bacteria in their nasal secretions. Bacterial culture results have a turnaround time of 2 to 3 days. The DNA test known as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) takes less than a day. However, it may take an additional 1 to 2 days to send samples to the laboratory. Prevention Biosecurity on the farm is necessary to prevent spread of disease. Isolate new horses for three weeks prior to introducing them to the rest of the population. Isolate any horse with a fever and signs of strangles. Do not share tack or equipment between sick horses and others Perform twice daily monitoring of rectal temperatures of all horses in an outbreak to identify new cases. Stop all movement of horses to and from farm when strangles is identified. Disinfect water buckets daily. Use strict hygiene between horses to reduce spread of the disease. Ideally, three throat flush samples are obtained from recovering horses and any horses who were in contact with sick horses at approximately weekly intervals and tested for S. equi subsp equi by PCR and culture. Identification of strangles bacteria in clinically recovered horses may mean the guttural pouches have retained some infection. Endoscopy of the guttural pouches provides visualisation of any pus or dried debris (chondroids) that harbor the bacteria. A small number of horses will recover from strangles and continue to shed bacteria from the guttural pouch, causing recurrent farm outbreaks. Detection and treatment of these “silent carriers” (S. equi bacteria in guttural pouches) via endoscopy and PCR is essential for preventing disease recurrence on a farm. Discuss vaccination types and recommendations with your veterinarian. Vaccination does not provide 100% immunity against S. equi infection. Vaccination is not recommended during or within two years of a strangles outbreak due to the increased risk of purpura hemorrhagica.

Läs mer mindre

Non-invasive allergy testing to different allergens. Mites and moulds allergens  Results are given as (reactive 0 to 5) for each of the 2 classes of allergens, with identification of the specific allergen in each class.  1 - Testing for Six different Mite allergens : - Dermatophagoides (D.) farinae - D. pteronyssinus - Tyrophagus putrescentiae - Acarus siro  - Glycophagus domesticus  - Lepidoglyphus destructor PLUS 2 - Testing for different Mould allergens, such as  :  - Alternaria alternata - Aspergillus fumigatus - Aspergillus niger - Cladosporium herbarum  - Epicoccus nigrum - Helmintosporum sativum - Penicillium notatum - Fusarium spp. - Ustilago  - Rhizopus    Sample 5 mL serum or 4 mL of blood collected in a serum tube   Turnaround time 7  working days   Why test? Equine allergies are common and can affect any breed, age or sex of horse. Symptoms involving the skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems can occur for a number of reasons with the diagnosis of allergy being made by systematically ruling out other common conditions. Once diagnosed, knowing what allergens your horse is sensitive to allows you to manage their condition in a way that is specific to their individual needs. Key points: Rapid and easy identification of potential offending allergens Non-invasive and not influenced by most medications Standardised procedure with excellent reproducibility  

Läs mer mindre

Two qPCR tests: One that detects the genome (DNA) of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) and one that detects the genome (DNA) of Equine Herpesvirus Type 4 (EHV-4). Sample 1 nasal or nasopharyngeal swab (see AAEP guidelines) 5 mL K3 EDTA tube (blood) Turnaround time Standard: 2 to 5 working days Urgent: 24-48h (please contact the lab) Our lab is approved by FEI for EHV-1 testing. What is Herpesvirus Type 1? More info here What is Herpesvirus Type 4? More info here

Läs mer mindre

Finds out whether your horse carries R95H, the variant linked to Cerebellar Abiotrophy (CA), a progressive disease of balance and coordination in Arabian horses, Arabian crosses and breeds with Arabian ancestry.The report gives the genotype directly as n/n, n/CA or CA/CA, from hair roots or EDTA blood, at any age. It finds healthy carriers before mating, and gives an answer well before the age at which affected foals start to stagger and shake their heads.Results are issued as a DNA certificate within 5 to 10 working days of the sample reaching the laboratory.

Läs mer mindre

Tells you where your horse puts its black pigment, by reading the ASIP variant c.187_197del, the a version of the gene that gives a solid black coat.The report gives the genotype directly as A/A, A/a or a/a, from hair roots or EDTA blood, at any age. It finds the A/a carriers, which look identical to A/A, and it reads the result in chestnut horses, where this gene has no visible effect at all.Run it together with the Extension test for the full base colour, because black needs a/a here and at least one E at Extension.Results are issued as a DNA certificate within 5 to 10 working days of the sample reaching the laboratory.

Läs mer mindre

The ELISA test detects antibodies to the African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV). Sample 5 mL - blood - serum tube Turnaround time 2 to 5 working days   What is African Horse Sickness? African Horse Sickness (AHS) is a serious, often fatal disease of horses, mules, and donkeys. The virus is spread by infected insects (biting midges) and causes fever and, heart and respiratory (breathing) problems in affected animals. Death is common and can occur suddenly. The disease primarily occurs in Africa, but outbreaks have been reported in Egypt, parts of the Middle East, Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Pakistan and India. African horse sickness has not occurred in the United States. AHS does not affect humans, so there are no human or public health implications. Clinical signs African Horse Sickness can cause respiratory (lung) disease, cardiac (heart) disease, or a cyclic fever. Death rates can be as high as 95% for some forms of the disease. The pulmonary or respiratory form occurs rapidly (within days). Signs of disease include fever, difficulty breathing, coughing, sweating, and frothy discharge from the nostrils. Death usually occurs within a few hours after illness is seen. The cardiac form of the disease causes fever and swelling (edema) around the eyes, lips, cheeks, tongue, and neck. Death usually occurs due to heart failure. Some affected animals may have both pulmonary and cardiac signs of disease. Some animals may only develop a cyclic fever (high in the afternoon, gone in the morning). These animals may also have depression and a decreased appetite. Animals with this horse sickness fever form of AHS will typically recover. Transmission AHS virus cannot be transmitted directly from horse to horse (or directly between any equine animals). Virus transmission between horses, donkeys and zebras occurs via small insect vectors known as midges (Culicoides species). The virus can also be mechanically transmitted through transfusion of infected blood products or through unhygienic practices (e.g. use of contaminated surgical equipment or hypodermic needles). It is unknown whether AHS can be transmitted by semen or ova from infected animals. Dogs can become infected with AHS through eating meat from an infected horse, donkey or zebra. Prevention The best way to protect animals from AHS is to decrease their exposure to biting midges and other insects (e.g., mosquitoes and biting flies). Stabling horses in insect-proof housing, particularly between dusk and dawn when the insects are most active, can help prevent exposure. Insect repellents and insecticides may also be useful. Monitor your horse’s temperature. Horses with fevers should be examined by your veterinarian. There is no comercial vaccine for any serotype of AHS currently available in Europe. A vaccine bank is being developed by the European Commission that will hold 100,000 doses of vaccine against seven different AHS serotypes. This vaccine will only be used in a strictly controlled manner in an emergency situation

Läs mer mindre

  Screening of 3 pathogens responsible Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM):  Taylorella equigenitalis, qPCR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, qPCR Klebsiela pneumonia, qPCR Sample requirements 2 or 3 genital swabs -  use standard swab in dry swabs or transport media for molecular biology Clitoral fossa swab Clitoral sinuses swab. Openings to the sinuses are on the dorsum of the clitoris - the central one is usually always present whereas the lateral sinuses may be multiple or not be present. Swab all that are present. Either cervical (closed cervix if pregnant or mid-cycle) or endometrial (while in estrus or true anestrus) swab – use guarded 25” swab. Turnaround time 2 to 5  working days     What is Contagious Equine Metritis? Contagious equine metritis is an inflammatory disease of the proximal and distal reproductive tract of the mare caused by Taylorella equigenitalis, which usually results in temporary infertility. It is a nonsystemic infection, the effects of which are restricted to the reproductive tract of the mare. Clinical signs When present, general clinical signs include endometritis, cervicitis and vaginitis of variable severity and a slight to copious mucopurulent vaginal discharge. In mares there are two states of infection: The active state in which the main outward sign is a vulval discharge, which may range from very mild to extremely profuse. The carrier state in which there are no outward signs of infection. However, the mare remains capable of transmitting infection because the bacteria are established on the surface of the clitoris, the clitoral fossa and sinuses and, in the case of pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, sometimes in the urethra and bladder. In stallions: (‘stallion’ means mating stallions, teasers and stallions used for AI) Infected stallions do not usually show clinical signs of infection but the bacteria are present on their penis, sheath and. These stallions can infect mares during mating, teasing or AI. Occasionally, the bacteria may invade the stallion’s sex glands, causing pus and bacteria to contaminate the semen. Transmission Direct venereal contact during natural mating presents the highest risk for the transmission of equigenitalis from a contaminated stallion or an infected mare. Direct venereal transmission can also take place by artificial insemination using infective raw, chilled and possibly frozen semen. Indirectly, infection may be acquired through fomite transmission, manual contamination, inadequate observance of appropriate biosecurity measures at the time of breeding and at semen- collection centres. Stallions can become asymptomatic carriers of equigenitalis. The principal sites of colonisation by the bacterium are the urogenital membranes (urethral fossa, urethral sinus, terminal urethra and penile sheath). The sites of persistence of equigenitalis in the majority of carrier mares are the clitoral sinuses and fossa and infrequently the uterus. Foals born of carrier mares may also become carriers. The organism can infect equid species other than horses, e.g. donkeys. Prevention If infection with equigenitalis is suspected in any mare, stallion or teaser on the basis of clinical signs, all breeding activities must cease immediately. The affected horse(s) should be isolated and swabbed by the attending veterinary surgeon. Arrange swabbing of any at risk horse. Disinfect all equipment used for breeding procedures. Inform all owners of mares booked to the stallion, including any which have already left the premises; Inform people to whom semen from the stallion has been sent; Arrange for one straw from every ejaculate of stored semen from infected and at risk stallions to be tested by a laboratory. If a straw from any ejaculate is infected, all straws from that ejaculate should be destroyed; Any at risk pregnant mare must be foaled in isolation. The placenta must be incinerated. Foals born to these mares should be swabbed three times, at intervals of not less than seven days, before three months of age. Any mares with an abnormal vaginal exudate, or returning to oestrus prematurely, should be investigated and managed as though infected with equigenitalis until results of laboratory testing prove otherwise. If carriers of equigenitalis are detected, the organism can be eliminated by treatment with systemic and/or local antibiotics combined with antiseptic washing of the sites of persistence in the mare and the stallion.  

Läs mer mindre

qPCR test: Detects the genome (DNA) of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1). Sample 1 nasal or nasopharyngeal swab (see AAEP guidelines) 5 mL K3 EDTA tube (blood) 5 mL liquor (CSF) in a sterile tube Turnaround time Standard: 2 to 5 working days Urgent: 24-48h (please contact the lab) Our lab is approved by FEI for EHV-1 testing. What is Herpesvirus Type 1? EHV-1 is ubiquitous, causing respiratory disease, abortion, neonatal death, and myeloencephalopathy. Common in young horses, establishing latent infection with viral reactivation during stress. Clinical signs Respiratory: Mild disease (pyrexia), affecting young horses. Abortion: Occurring during the 3rd trimester. Neurological (EHM): Outbreaks causing severe movement restrictions and management difficulties. Transmission Direct horse-to-horse contact or indirect contact via contaminated objects. Shedding via respiratory secretions or aborted fetal material. The virus can remain infectious in the air and on surfaces. Prevention Isolate horses into small, closed groups. Minimize stress and maximize herd immunity via vaccination. In case of outbreak: disinfect, isolate affected horses, and implement strict biosecurity.

Läs mer mindre

Immunoblot  for Borrelia burgdorferi, the pathogen responsible for the Lyme disease or Borreliose. The Immunoblot method used identifies the most frequent Borrelia genotypes, B. burgdorferi, B. garinii, B. afzelli, B. bavariensis and B. spielmanii.In case of suspected contact with Borrelia and presence of compatible clinical signs, a control test is recommended after 4 to 6 weeks. Sample 5 mL - blood - serum tube Turnaround time 2 to 5 working days   What is Lyme disease? Lyme disease is a tickborne illness that results from infection with members of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. These organisms are maintained in wild animals, but they can affect humans and some species of domesticated animals, like horses. Lyme disease has been reported in North America, Europe, Australia and parts of Asia. Clinical signs Clinical signs appear in less than 10% of horses infected with the bacteria. Signs include: Lameness (usually of larger joints) that shifts from limb to limb; Generalised stiffness; Soreness in the large joints and back; Low-grade fever (which may or may not be present); Behavioural changes such as reluctance to work and irritability; Laminitis (occasionally associated with Lyme disease) Horses do not show a skin rash with Lyme disease. Swelling around a tick bite in a horse is generally due to a reaction to the tick’s saliva, not Lyme disease. Transmission The ticks become infected when they feed on rodents such as the white-footed mouse that carry the bacteria. The tick can then pass on this infection when it feeds on another host, such as a horse or deer. The bacteria migrate from the tick to the horse after 12 to 24 hours of attachment. In areas where the incidence of disease is high among people, only about 50% of horses are likely to become infected. Of these horses, less than 1 in 10 develops clinical signs of the disease. The remaining horses either have subclinical infection (carry the antibodies against the bacteria but remain clinically healthy) or their immune systems fight off the bacteria (and these horses carry the antibodies to Lyme disease for up to a year). People can also be infected with Lyme disease, but there is no risk of the disease being transmitted from horses to humans. Prevention Since there is no vaccine available, prevention is focused on control of the tick population: Perform a daily tick examination. Remember that it takes 12 to 24 hours of attachment for bacteria to migrate from the tick to the host. Treat turned out horses with permethrin-based insect repellents during peak adult deer tick seasons: early spring, late summer, and fall. Minimize habitat for ticks and their hosts.  

Läs mer mindre

The Comprehensive Allergy Panel evaluates sensitivity to a wide range of environmental and insect allergens in horses. Using advanced detection technologies, the test measures allergen-specific IgE with high precision and avoids cross-reactivity with IgG or CCDs (cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants). All results are interpreted using the HERBU scoring system, which provides clinically relevant categorization of IgE reactivity levels for each allergen. Why Test? Identifying specific allergens responsible for your horse's symptoms is essential for targeted allergy management. The Comprehensive Allergy Panel enables early detection and supports the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies, including immunotherapy. Benefits of the  Test Broad screening of European environmental and insect allergens. High sensitivity: detects specific IgE levels down to 10 pg per sample. Rapid turnaround: results in 2 to 7 working days. Results expressed according to the HERBU score, ensuring clinically meaningful interpretation. Specific for IgE only, with no interference from IgG or non-relevant cross-reactions. Special Considerations The test should not be performed during or immediately after anti-allergy treatments (e.g., corticosteroids, antihistamines), as these can suppress IgE responses and yield false-negative results. FAQs How can anti-allergy treatments affect the test results? These treatments can lower IgE production or activity, potentially resulting in underestimation of allergen sensitivity. It is advised to wait an appropriate period after treatment before testing. What makes the Comprehensive Allergy Panel different from standard allergy tests?This panel uses IgE-specific detection and a refined scoring system (HERBU) to ensure accurate, clinically significant results. It avoids misleading positives from IgG or carbohydrate-based cross-reactions. Environmental Allergens Screened  Perennial Allergens (Mites and Molds) : Acarus siro, Dermatophagoides farinae,  Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,  Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum. Seasonal Allergens (Crops, Grasses, Weeds):  Secale cereale, Sorghum halepensis, Poa pratensis, Festuca pratensis. Trees: Betula populifolia, Salix Caprea, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica.   Insects: Culicoides spp,  Culex tarsalis, Tabanus spp  

Läs mer mindre

The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the reference test method for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis both in humans and in animals (World Health Organization (WHO), 2003; World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE, 2008). This test detects antibodies to specific serovars using live leptospiral antigens, and can be performed on serum from any species. Sample5 mL - blood - serum tube Turnaround time2 to 5 working days What is Leptospirosis?Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that can result in abortion, chronic uveitis, and/or kidney failure in horses and can also infect humans, pets, and other livestock. Clinical signsSome horses with leptospirosis appear completely normal. Others might show generalised flulike signs.More serious cases present as mid- to late-term abortions, chronic uveitis (an eye disease that’s the leading cause of blindness in horses), or renal (kidney) disease.Foals from infected dams born alive might suffer from malnutrition, jaundice, pulmonary haemorrhage, or severe respiratory distress—all of which can be fatal. If you can start treatment immediately—before the infection damages eyes or organs—horses with leptospirosis generally have good prognoses. And, you can protect the rest of your herd (and yourself and other animals) by isolating infected horses, treating your other horses with preventive antibiotics or, depending on the species involved, vaccinating. TransmissionLeptospirosis is caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called spirochetes, specifically leptospires, that enter an animal’s body through mucous membranes in areas such as the nostrils, lips, eyes, trachea, stomach, genitals, or anus, or through broken skin. In addition to mammals (horses, humans, squirrels, voles, and scores more), amphibians (such as frogs) and reptiles (including snakes) can become infected with and pass on the disease-causing bacteria. In horses, foals can become infected in utero.Leptospires most commonly live and multiply in the renal tubules (where urine collects in the kidneys) of reservoir or carrier hosts such as rodents, wildlife, and domestic animals. In addition to spreading in urine, leptospires can be transmitted via infected blood or tissues or by infected urine splashing into eyes or the mouth.When an infected reservoir host urinates, the leptospires pass out of its body in the urine and contaminate the surrounding ground and/or water. In fact, exposure to standing water, such as ponds or floodwaters, is the biggest risk factor for leptospirosis infection. Occasionally, says Carter, animals (horses, livestock, etc.) inhale leptospires, ingest them with feed, or transmit them via wounds or bites. PreventionHumans who work with animals or have frequent exposure to them are at a higher risk of contracting leptospirosis.The leptospirosis is now classified as a re-emerging disease. Worldwide, the incidence is increasing, which may be due to increased episodes of flooding. According to the CDC, most human leptospirosis symptoms are flulike and include: high fever; headache; chills; muscle aches; vomiting; jaundice (yellow skin and eyes); red eyes; and abdominal pain.Treatment is fairly straightforward. The emphasis now is on rapid diagnostics so the disease can be diagnosed quickly and treatment started.Prevention is characterised differently for different risk groups. For occupational exposure (for example, veterinarians and animal caretakers that might be exposed to the disease), appropriate PPE (personal protective equipment, including protective gloves and glasses) is important. For recreational exposure, preventing contact of mucous membranes and broken skin with contaminated water is advised.

Läs mer mindre

The bacterial culture will be reported positive if a beta-hemolytic Streptococcus species is grown and identified specifically as the Strep equi (formal name is Streptococcus equi subspecies equi). Sample Live Strep equi organisms must be recovered by a swab or wash of the nasopharynx, nasal passages, or draining abscesses. Turnaround time 2 to 5 working days   What is Stranglers? Strangles is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection of horses caused by the bacteria Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi). It is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with contaminated surfaces (for example horses sharing water buckets). The bacteria colonize the horse’s tonsils and pharynx within hours of infection, and then infect the lymph nodes under and behind the jaw resulting in abscessation of these structures days later. Horses develop a fever initially, but are typically not contagious during the initial 48-72 hours. Rarely, infection spreads to other parts of the body resulting in abscesses in other organs such as the intestines, kidneys, lungs, spleen or liver. This is often called “bastard strangles” or metastatic abscessation. A few horses may develop a hypersensitivity reaction to the bacteria with repeated exposure either in the form of infection or vaccination otherwise known as purpura hemorrhagica. Horses that develop classic clinical signs and are not treated with antibiotics have the potential to develop immune protection up to five years. Clinical signs Classic clinical signs include a fever (often >103°F or 39.5°C) first, followed by one or more of the following symptoms: depression, thick nasal discharge and lymph node enlargement under the jaw and/or in the throat latch region. The abscessed lymph nodes may drain externally or into the guttural pouches (blind-end sacs connected to the throat in horses) resulting in nasal discharge. Horses that have been vaccinated for strangles or horses that have previous partial immunity may develop milder signs of upper respiratory tract infection. Bastard strangles cases may develop colic signs, fever, and/or weight loss with or without a history of previous strangles disease or exposure. Horses with purpura hemorrhagica may develop edema of the head, trunk, and/or legs; and broken blood vessels or bruising of the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes and nose. Additional signs can include fever, severe depression, and muscle tightness. The severity of symptoms in purpura hemorrhagica cases ranges from mild to life-threatening. Transmission Strangles is caused by oral exposure of a horse to S. equi bacteria. Once within the oral cavity, the bacteria invade the tonsils and subsequently colonize the lymph nodes. Bacteria can be transmitted through contact with pus or nasal discharges from an infected horse, or from contaminated bedding or barn equipment (water troughs, buckets, etc.). Flies may also act as vectors, spreading the bacteria from horse to horse. Under the right conditions, S. equi can survive in the environment for weeks or months. Exposure of a horse to S. equi does not necessarily mean that it will come down with strangles. Factors that influence the risk of disease include dose of bacteria (poor sanitation and direct contact with nasal secretions and pus increase the chance of disease); immune status of horse. Previously exposed horses are often immune to the disease, or do not get as sick as unexposed horses. During the first three to six months of life, foals are often protected by maternal antibodies. Vaccination can also increase resistance to the disease; stress (poor nutrition, overcrowding, lengthy transportation or pre-existing diseases increase the risk of strangles). Strangles may be transmitted by “silent shedders” who do not display signs of disease. These horses commonly carry the strangles organism in the guttural pouch, an air sac at the back of the horse’s throat. Detection of these animals requires guttural pouch endoscopy (passing an endoscope via the horse’s nose into the guttual pouch). Strangles is most commonly transmitted by acutely ill or recovering horses that are still shedding bacteria in their nasal secretions. Bacterial culture results have a turnaround time of 2 to 3 days. The DNA test known as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) takes less than a day. However, it may take an additional 1 to 2 days to send samples to the laboratory. Prevention Biosecurity on the farm is necessary to prevent spread of disease. Isolate new horses for three weeks prior to introducing them to the rest of the population. Isolate any horse with a fever and signs of strangles. Do not share tack or equipment between sick horses and others Perform twice daily monitoring of rectal temperatures of all horses in an outbreak to identify new cases. Stop all movement of horses to and from farm when strangles is identified. Disinfect water buckets daily. Use strict hygiene between horses to reduce spread of the disease. Ideally, three throat flush samples are obtained from recovering horses and any horses who were in contact with sick horses at approximately weekly intervals and tested for S. equi subsp equi by PCR and culture. Identification of strangles bacteria in clinically recovered horses may mean the guttural pouches have retained some infection. Endoscopy of the guttural pouches provides visualisation of any pus or dried debris (chondroids) that harbor the bacteria. A small number of horses will recover from strangles and continue to shed bacteria from the guttural pouch, causing recurrent farm outbreaks. Detection and treatment of these “silent carriers” (S. equi bacteria in guttural pouches) via endoscopy and PCR is essential for preventing disease recurrence on a farm. Discuss vaccination types and recommendations with your veterinarian. Vaccination does not provide 100% immunity against S. equi infection. Vaccination is not recommended during or within two years of a strangles outbreak due to the increased risk of purpura hemorrhagica.

Läs mer mindre

Cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 by a reverse zoonosis. If you have COVID-19 you can infect your pets. Our team confirmed this finding in a seroepidemiologic survey* of cats and dogs in Portugal and found antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 15/69 (21.74%) cats and 7/148 (4.73%) dogs.  For more information check our peer reviewed publication at micro-organism (MDPI).  As in people, animals often have mild clinical signs, or are asymptomatic, but there are also reports of fatal cases.  Why testing By performing this test will allow you to know if your Cat has been infected with SARS-CoV-2. This test detects IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (NP)  and Spike (S) protein.  Please note, that IgG antibodies arise 2-3 weeks after infection and are maintained for some months.    Sample  2 mL blood in a dry tube or 1 mL of sera. Turnaround time  Standard processing - Results in 2-5 working days after sample arrival at the laboratory. Clients organise and support the costs of sending the samples to the laboratory. PREMIUM processing - Results in 5 hours after sample arrival. Includes free express delivery** . The laboratory organises Express shipping with pick-up of the package at the client's address and delivery at the laboratory. ** PREMIUM SERVICES INCLUDE AN EXPRESS SHIPPING DELIVERY FOR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM NON REMOTE REGIONS. Check here to know if you are in a remote European region. For remote regions EXTRA fees are applied.    References *Barroso, R., Vieira-Pires, A., Antunes, A., & Fidalgo-Carvalho, I. (2022). Susceptibility of Pets to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons from a Seroepidemiologic Survey of Cats and Dogs in Portugal. Microorganisms, 10(2), 345.  https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020345  Main conclusions of the study:  - Cats that lived in COVID-19 positive households are at more risk to be infected with SARS-CoV-2  and some cats can become ill or may die.  - Cat to cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is also a possibility. Cat that lived in COVID-19 negative households but lived in free range and contact with other cats also tested positive.  - If you test COVID-19 positive please avoid direct contact with your cat, or ware a mask.  - Serological testing should be performed  2-3 weeks after contact with a COVID-19 positive case.   - One to 2 weeks after contact with a COVID-19 positive case a molecular RT-qPCR is recommended. Please check more info about molecular tests for cats here .  For more information please check the coverage article of our scientific publication written by an independent professional. If you would like to collaborate and participate in our study, please contact us at support@equigerminal.pt to find out if you qualify for the study and receive free testing for SARS-CoV-2.  

Läs mer mindre

Cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 via reverse zoonosis; if you are infected with COVID-19, you may transmit the virus to your pets. A seroepidemiologic survey in Portugal identified antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 21.74% of cats (15/69) and 4.73% of dogs (7/148). This test allows you to determine if your cat is currently infected with SARS-CoV-2 by detecting viral RNA using RT-qPCR. Please note that viral RNA is typically only detectable within the first two weeks post-infection. Molecular Test Diagnostic tests utilize genome amplification (RNA) via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Sample Type Exudate from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and/or rectal swabs. Turnaround Time Standard Processing: 2-5 working days after sample arrival. Client covers shipping costs. PREMIUM Processing: Results within 24 hours. Includes express pick-up and delivery. (Note: Express shipping applies to non-remote European regions. Check remote regions here. Extra fees apply to remote areas.) FAQs Why test cats? Testing is recommended for cats that have had contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases, as transmission from humans or other infected cats is possible. When should cats be tested? Tests are generally performed 5 to 14 days after contact with a confirmed case. Viral load is maximal 5-7 days post-infection and diminishes after 15 days. Specificity and Sensitivity: The rRT-PCR test is 100% specific and does not cross-react with other animal coronaviruses. We use two different SARS-CoV-2 genes as targets for molecular diagnosis. More information on the OIE website. References 1. Barroso, R., Vieira-Pires, A., Antunes, A., & Fidalgo-Carvalho, I. (2022). Susceptibility of Pets to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons from a Seroepidemiologic Survey of Cats and Dogs in Portugal. Microorganisms, 10(2), 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020345 Protect your pets from SARS-CoV-2 infection Cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 via reverse zoonosis; if you are infected with COVID-19, you may transmit the virus to your pets. A seroepidemiologic survey in Portugal identified antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 21.74% of cats (15/69) and 4.73% of dogs (7/148). This test allows you to determine if your cat is currently infected with SARS-CoV-2 by detecting viral RNA using RT-qPCR. Please note that viral RNA is typically only detectable within the first two weeks post-infection. Molecular Test Diagnostic tests utilize genome amplification (RNA) via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Sample Type Exudate from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and/or rectal swabs. Turnaround Time Standard Processing: 2-5 working days after sample arrival. Client covers shipping costs. PREMIUM Processing: Results within 24 hours. Includes express pick-up and delivery. (Note: Express shipping applies to non-remote European regions. Check remote regions here. Extra fees apply to remote areas.) FAQs Why test cats? Testing is recommended for cats that have had contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases, as transmission from humans or other infected cats is possible. When should cats be tested? Tests are generally performed 5 to 14 days after contact with a confirmed case. Viral load is maximal 5-7 days post-infection and diminishes after 15 days. Specificity and Sensitivity: The rRT-PCR test is 100% specific and does not cross-react with other animal coronaviruses. We use two different SARS-CoV-2 genes as targets for molecular diagnosis. More information on the OIE website. References 1. Barroso, R., Vieira-Pires, A., Antunes, A., & Fidalgo-Carvalho, I. (2022). Susceptibility of Pets to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons from a Seroepidemiologic Survey of Cats and Dogs in Portugal. Microorganisms, 10(2), 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020345 Protect your pets from SARS-CoV-2 infection Cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 via reverse zoonosis; if you are infected with COVID-19, you may transmit the virus to your pets. A seroepidemiologic survey in Portugal identified antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 21.74% of cats (15/69) and 4.73% of dogs (7/148). This test allows you to determine if your cat is currently infected with SARS-CoV-2 by detecting viral RNA using RT-qPCR. Please note that viral RNA is typically only detectable within the first two weeks post-infection. Molecular Test Diagnostic tests utilize genome amplification (RNA) via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Sample Type Exudate from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and/or rectal swabs. Turnaround Time Standard Processing: 2-5 working days after sample arrival. Client covers shipping costs. PREMIUM Processing: Results within 24 hours. Includes express pick-up and delivery. (Note: Express shipping applies to non-remote European regions. Check remote regions here. Extra fees apply to remote areas.) FAQs Why test cats? Testing is recommended for cats that have had contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases, as transmission from humans or other infected cats is possible. When should cats be tested? Tests are generally performed 5 to 14 days after contact with a confirmed case. Viral load is maximal 5-7 days post-infection and diminishes after 15 days. Specificity and Sensitivity: The rRT-PCR test is 100% specific and does not cross-react with other animal coronaviruses. We use two different SARS-CoV-2 genes as targets for molecular diagnosis. More information on the OIE website. References 1. Barroso, R., Vieira-Pires, A., Antunes, A., & Fidalgo-Carvalho, I. (2022). Susceptibility of Pets to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons from a Seroepidemiologic Survey of Cats and Dogs in Portugal. Microorganisms, 10(2), 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020345

Läs mer mindre

Dogs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 by a reverse zoonosis. If you have COVID-19 you can infect your pets. Our team confirmed this finding in a seroepidemiologic survey* of cats and dogs in Portugal and found antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 15/69 (21.74%) cats and 7/148 (4.73%) dogs.  By performing this test will allow you to know if your Dog has been infected with SARS-CoV-2. This test detects IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (NP)  and Spike (S) protein.  Please note, that IgG antibodies arise 2-3 weeks after infection and are maintained for some months.  As in people, animals often have mild clinical signs, or are asymptomatic, but there are also reports of fatal cases.  Sample  2 mL blood in a dry tube or 1 mL of sera. Turnaround time  Standard processing - Results in 2-5 working days after sample arrival at the laboratory. Clients organise and support the costs of sending the samples to the laboratory.PREMIUM processing - Results in 5 hours after sample arrival. Includes free express delivery** . The laboratory organises Express shipping with pick-up of the package at the client's address and delivery at the laboratory. ** PREMIUM SERVICES INCLUDE AN EXPRESS SHIPPING DELIVERY FOR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM NON REMOTE REGIONS. Check here to know if you are in a remote European region. For remote regions EXTRA fees are applied.    References *Barroso, R., Vieira-Pires, A., Antunes, A., & Fidalgo-Carvalho, I. (2022). Susceptibility of Pets to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons from a Seroepidemiologic Survey of Cats and Dogs in Portugal. Microorganisms, 10(2), 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020345

Läs mer mindre

Dogs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 by reverse zoonosis. If you're infected with COVID-19, you can infect your pets. Our team confirmed in a seroepidemiologic survey* of cats and dogs in Portugal and found antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 15/69 (21.74%) cats and 7/148 (4.73%) dogs. By performing this test will allow you to know if your Dog is infected with SARS-CoV-2. This test detects viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 by RTqPCR. Please note that viral RNA is detectable only in the first two weeks after infection.  Molecular test  Reference laboratory diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 are carried out by means of genome amplification tests (RNA) in a polymerase chain reaction in real time, preceded by reverse transcription (rRT-PCR).   Sample type Exudate from the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal collected through a swab and/or rectal swabs.   Turnaround time Standard processing - Results in 2-5 working days after sample arrival at the laboratory. Clients organise and support the costs of sending the samples to the laboratory. PREMIUM processing - Results in 24 hours after sample arrival. Includes free express delivery** . The laboratory organises Express shipping with pick-up of the package at the client's address and delivery at the laboratory. ** PREMIUM SERVICES INCLUDE AN EXPRESS SHIPPING DELIVERY FOR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM NON REMOTE REGIONS. Check here to know if you are in a remote European region. For remote regions EXTRA fees are applied.    Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Dog in a COVID19+ household.     From the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the dog owners (22 January 2021) to the first and second positive RT-qPCR test of the dog on 29 January 2021 and 4 February 2021, respectively, and the positive ELISA test on 14 February 2021, 16 days after the first positive RT-qPCR test. The green color means positive serological or molecular result and the red color means a negative serological or molecular result. The date corresponds to the day of the blood or swab sampling from the dog.   FAQs Why should we test dogs ? The test should be done in dogs who have had contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19. There are confirmed cases of infections of dogs by SARS-CoV-2 through transmission of the virus by humans. However, the viral load retrieved in dogs is considered low. For more info check the OIE website When dogs should take the test? In general, the test can be performed 5 to 14 days after contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19.   The test it is based on the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 genome (RNA) by real-time rRT-PCR techniques in exudates from the nasopharynx and oropharynx. In human the viral load is higher in the first days of infection and starts to decrease after 15 days after infection. What is the specificity and sensitivity of these tests? The real-time RT-PCR test used is 100% specific and does not cross-react with other human coronaviruses. For molecular diagnosis, we use two different SARS-CoV-2 proteins as targets.The sensitivity of the molecular test depends on the viral load present in the sample. The viral load is maximal 5-7 days after infection and from then on it starts to decrease, becoming diminished 15 days after infection. References *Barroso, R., Vieira-Pires, A., Antunes, A., & Fidalgo-Carvalho, I. (2022). Susceptibility of Pets to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons from a Seroepidemiologic Survey of Cats and Dogs in Portugal. Microorganisms, 10(2), 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020345

Läs mer mindre

  Pathogen profile This profile includes 10 qPCR tests that detects 10 pathogens responsible for  neurological disease in horses such as: EHV-1, EPM, EEE, EEV, VEE, JEV, WEE, WNV, RBV, Hendra. Sample 5 mL - blood ( K3 EDTA tube) and/or 5mL - liquor (CSF) in a sterile tube   Turnaround time 2 to 5  working days    

Läs mer mindre

Reads a DNA marker beside the LCORL gene, in the LCORL/NCAPG region of horse chromosome 3, where the C version is linked to taller and the T version to smaller adult height.The report gives the genotype directly as T/T, T/C or C/C, from hair roots or EDTA blood, at any age. It shows a genetic tendency within a breed, not an exact final height: many other genes, feeding and management also count.Results are issued as a DNA certificate within 5 to 10 working days of the sample reaching the laboratory.

Läs mer mindre

Purpose: This molecular test identifies the NEV genome in circulating blood to quantify the viral load. Important Notice: This test does not determine the overall NEV status (infeção). An undetectable viral load does not guarantee that the horse is free of infection. Sample 5 mL blood (K3 EDTA tube) OR 5 mL Liquor (CSF). Turnaround time 5 to 10 working days. Understanding NEV and Viral Load The New Equine Virus (NEV) is a lentivirus similar to HIV, which compromises the immune system. Early detection and monitoring are essential for management. Learn more about NEV Explore Results Undetectable Viral Load: The NEV level in the blood is too low to be detected. Horses maintaining an undetectable viral load have effectively no risk of transmitting NEV to negative horses. Detectable Viral Load: The virus is actively circulating in the blood. This indicates a risk of transmission to NEV-negative horses. Take Action If viral load is detectable: Consult your veterinarian regarding immune-boosting therapies and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). Monitoring: Regular viral load testing is crucial to track disease progression and transmission risk. Goal of ART: Similar to HIV management, the objective of ART is to suppress the viral load to an undetectable level, significantly improving the horse's health and quality of life. Learn more about ART here.

Läs mer mindre

Diagnostic Profile: This test determines both the NEV status (serology) and the current viral load (molecular). Components: Includes an NEV serological test to confirm exposure status and a viral load test to assess active infection levels. Sample 5 mL serum (collected in a serum tube). 5 mL blood (K3 EDTA tube) OR 5 mL Liquor (CSF) (for molecular viral load). Turnaround time 5 to 10 working days. Understanding NEV The New Equine Virus (NEV) is a lentivirus, distinct from Equine Infectious Anemia (EIAV) but sharing similarities with HIV. It compromises the horse’s immune system, hindering its natural defense against opportunistic infections. Disease progression depends on the horse's age, general health, and genetic background. Early detection is vital for long-term health management. Interpretation of Results NEV Negative: No evidence of NEV infection detected. Continue standard biosecurity measures. NEV Positive: Indicates presence of the virus. A viral load test is critical here to assess the risk of transmission. Undetectable Viral Load: Indicates that viral levels are extremely low. Horses maintaining an undetectable viral load have a negligible risk of transmitting NEV to negative horses. Recommended Actions for Positive Cases Veterinary Consultation: Discuss immune-boosting therapies and potential Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). Monitoring: Regular viral load testing is essential to evaluate disease progression and the efficacy of ART. Goal of ART: Similar to HIV management in humans, the primary goal of ART in horses is to suppress the viral load to an undetectable level, extending both the quality and duration of life.

Läs mer mindre

Finds out whether your horse carries the PRKDC variant that causes Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), an inherited disease of pure and part-bred Arabian horses that is always fatal.The report gives the genotype directly as n/n, n/SCID or SCID/SCID, from hair roots or EDTA blood, at any age. It identifies carriers, which are perfectly healthy and cannot be recognised any other way, so that two carriers are never mated together.Results are issued as a DNA certificate within 5 to 10 working days of the sample reaching the laboratory.

Läs mer mindre